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word63Environment:Acompletelyself-containedversionoftheSAPdatabase,
designatedforaspecificpurpose.AProductionenvironment
containslive,real-timedatawhileanon-productionenvironment
suchasthepracticeenvironmentholdsvalid,butnotreal-time
data,andisbeusedforlearningexamples.Separate
environmentsdonotexchangeinformation.Ifyouenterdata
intooneenvironment,youwillnotbeabletoseethatinformation
inanotherenvironment
GUI:GraphicalUserInterface.TheSAPguiisthesoftwareonyour
computerorlocalserverthatallowsyoutoconnecttooneor
moreoftheSAPenvironments.
MasterData:Masterdataisacollectionofinformationaboutapersonoran
object,e.g.acostobject,vendor,orG/Laccount.Forexample,
avendormasterrecordcontainsnotonlygeneralinformation
suchasthevendor’snameandaddress,butalsospecific
information,suchaspaymenttermsanddeliveryinstructions.
Generallyforendusers,masterdataisreferencedatathatyou
willlookupanduse,butnotcreateorchange.
MaterialGroup:MaterialGroupsarecodesthatclassifygoodsandservicesby
commodityorservicetypeandareusedbytheProcurement
Officeforreportingpurposes.Forexample,desksbelongtothe
materialgroup1920FurnitureandFurnishings.
UserProfile:Thecollectionofauthorizationsauserorsetofusershasbeen
grantedinordertoperformtransactionsrelatedtotheirjobs.For
example,someonedesignatedasarequisitionermightonly
havetheabilitytocreateandchange,butnotapprove,
requisitions.
TransactionalData:Transactionaldataisdatarelatedtoasinglebusinessevent
suchasapurchaserequisitionorarequestforpayment.When
youcreatearequisition,forexample,SAPcreatesanelectronic
umentforthatparticulartransaction.SAPgivesthe
transactionaumentnumberandaddstheumenttothe
transactiondatathatisalreadyinthesystem.Wheneveryou
completeatransactioninSAP,thatis,whenyoucreate,
change,orprintaumentinSAP,thisumentnumber
appearsatthebottomofthescreen.
1-4#:S-010328-BAS-TT-2.00
TransactionCode:Auniquecommandthattellsthelocationofasystemtask.A
transactioncodemaycontainlettersonlyoracombinationof
lettersandnumbers.Forexample,thetransactioncodefor
DisplayPurchaseRequisitionisME53.
Workflow:AroutingtoolinSAPthatforwardsumentsforreviewor
approval.Forexample,arequisitionthatneedstobeapproved
issenttotheappropriateapprover'sinbox.Workflowisalsoused
toroutejournalvouchers,creditcardcharges,andother
umentsinSAP.
CostObject:ACostObjectcollectsexpensesandrevenuesforaparticular
purpose,suchasaresearchproject.InSAPtherearethree
typesofcostobjects:CostCenter,InternalOrder,andWBS
(WorkBreakdownStructure)Element(seebelowfordefinition).
CostCenter:GeneraloroperatingCostObjectsareknowninSAPasCost
Centers.CostCentersarebudgetedonthefiscalyear.
InternalOrder:Anon-sponsoredCostObject(forexample,fundingfromtheMIT
Provost)usedtotrackcostsoverperiodsotherthanfiscalyears.
InternalOrdersareoftencreatedtotrackgiftsorendowmentsat
MIT.
WBSElement:WBSElementsarefundedbyoutsidesponsorsandareusedto
trackcostsofaparticularresearchprojectovertheentirespanof
itsactivity.Theymayalsobecreatedtotrackothersponsored
activities,suchasgifts.
G/LAccount:G/LaccountsarealsocalledCostElementsinSAP.Theyarea
classificationbyexpenseorrevenuetype.IntheCO(Controlling)
moduleofSAP,thetermCostElementisused.IntheFI
(Financial)module,thetermG/LAccountisused.Theseterms
areusedinterchangeablyforreporting,requisitions,andjournal
vouchers.
ForamoredetailedglossaryoffinancialterminologyusedatMITseethe
Glossaryathttp://web.mit.edu/sapr3/s/.，大小：330 KB